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frd: 3-4cm - larger cones
frt: cones soft pubescent, closed at maturity
or, geo: Tirol (Tyrol), first found by Horbas 1904.

fc: flowers and young cones greenish-white
ns: denOuden and Boom list it as a cultivar but state it occurs "through the whole area"
ns: and is not in cultivation. This clearly suggests the rank of botanical form.
geo: known from Switzerland and Austria since before 1855

ha: weeping
lc: distinctly golden yellow

ha: smaller, shrub-like, branches said to be "antler-like"
or: found at Mt. Semmeing, Steiermark, Austria 1909
in: Dieck Nur, Germany

ha: globose, dwarf, 6 in. growth a year
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: denser, compact, conical, more highly branched. Branches can be brittle
or: A. Gorrie, Yorkshire, England c. 1830

ha: conical to pyramidal, lower limbs horizontal, branches curving upward
or: Bonamy Brothers Nursery, France before 1868

ha: dwarf, globose, lacking a central leader
or: R.F. Corley, High Wycombe, Bucks. England from witches broom before 1971
in: Hillier Nurseries before 1971

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

lw, ll: shorter, narrower needles
lt: irregularly curved
or: Seneclauze Nur. , France found before 1868

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ha: narrowly columnar to fastigiate, said to resemble a coniferous Lombardy poplar.
ha: branches are shorter and very erect.
or: Seneclauze Nur., France before 1868

lc: new growth more glaucous, blue-green becoming gray-green

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ht: 1m tall
ha: semi-weeping, diffuse, contorted
lc: light green
or: Horstmann

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ha: dwarf, irregular, branchlets shorter and thicker, needles more densely borne.
or: Europe c. 1852

ha: dwarf, globose, lower, sometimes spreading
lc: green
or: Randy Dyskra found
ns: a clone of L. sibirica has the same cultivar name (see below)
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ns: a listed name from the US

ha: vigorous, horizontal to semi-pendulous, less dense, very lax overall
lc: dark green or dark blue-green

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

ha: dwarf, irregularly weeping
lc: blue-green
afc: yellow
so: Roslyn Nursery

ha: slightly arching
ll: to 4cm long (near apices)
lw: narrower than species typical (near branchlet bases)
lt: thinner than species typical
lc: blue-green, slightly more glaucous
or: Pierre Lombarts Nursery, Zundert, Netherlands from seed 1929.
inL Lombarts Nursery 1935

ha: conical, narrower, dense, branches erect
or: Schroder, Moscau before 1894

ns: a listed name from Germany.

lc: distinctly glaucous blue
ls: needles are notably 'ascending'
ll: 1.5-2.0 in.
or: found in Hamden CT in 1962
in: by Vincent Bonaminio then of Dept. Hort. Sci. at NC State Univ. and
in: Dr. Edwin D. Carpenter of Univ. of CT Storrs but apparently not
in: in the nursery trade
li: Hebb, R. 1972. Plant registrations. Arnoldia 32: 279.

ha: weeping, usually tall, upright, and irregular. Branches often arch sharply and
ha: from multiple leaders.
or, ns: the cultivar group is appropriate as the trade holds various clones of different
or, ns: origins and shapes. They have come from both the wild and garden origin.
or, ns: Krussman reports it has been found int eh wild since 1836

ha: broadly upright, having multiple trunks from the base
or: Lengingrad Bot. Garden from a very large, old plant

ha: weeping
ns: there are several spellings. Anything in Latin form is invalid. 'Puli' seems most common and
ns: would be allowed if a complete proper name.

ha: narrowly pyramidal, densely branched
or: Ellwanger & Barry Nursery, Rochester NY before 1932
ns: Krussman says it may be 'Fastigiata'. It is likely similar to literatures suggests one
ns: is of European origin and this one from North America.

ha: lower limbs often extended, spreading on the ground. It is not entirely repandent.
or: Hort. Society Garden, Longdon c. 1825

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

frc, fc: flowers and cones red or reddish

ha: dwarf, forming a flat bun-shaped plant
lc: very bright green
source, photo: Aesthetic Gardens

ns: a listed name for a witches broom clone.

so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002), without description

ha: branches somewhat contorted, twisted.

ha: most branchlets perpendicularly weeping, elongated
or: Dr. J. Valchkenier Suringar, De Dorskamp Estate, Wageningen, Netherlands c. 1925
or: A similar mutation has been found in W. Germany and another in Switzerland.

ha: branchles elongated, less branched, snake-like, somewhat twisted
or: denOuden & Boom report two separate origins. It is likely the same mutation.

so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002), without description

ns: a listed name from Europe.

ns: this correct name should be used in collections and catalogs. The
ns: case made by Nelson is most convincing and well studied.
li: Nelson, E.C. 1980. What is the correct name for the Dunkeld larch
li: (Larix decidua x L. leptolepis). Irish For. 37(2): 112-118.

ha: weeping
lc: blue-green

ll: miniature, dwarf, globose, 1 inch growth a year
lc: green
ll: much shorter than hybrid species typical
ns: a plant of this name is referred to L. x marschlinsii and is probably the same clone.
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: limbs horizontal, erect, and drooping in no particular form. Some
ha: shoots slightly contorted. Uusually grafted on an understock for
ha: effect. Overall it seems to be a thick-branched, irregular weeper or mound with
ha: some very independant limbs.
source: Stanley and Sons

lc: irregularly mottled yellow, quite unevenly and not so showy.
or: B.W. Dirken Nursery, Oudenbosch, Netherlands before 1899
so: denOuden & Boom report it was no longer cultivated in 1965.

ns: a listed name from Europe, presumbly for a dwarf clone.

ns: a listed name from Europe.

lc: distinctly blue to blue-green
or: Hillier & Son Nurseries, England

ha: upright, columnar to conical
lc: more glaucous, a bluer-green or rich blue
or: Konijn Nurseries, Boskoop,Holland c. 1960
source: Stanley and Sons

ha: weeping, dense, with occasional tips upcurving and sticking out
lc: blue-green much like 'Blue Rabbit'

ha: dwarf, columnar, branches very erect
ll: 20mm
lc: blue-green
or: Gordon Haddow, Kenwitch Nurseires, England as witches broom found near Tiverton
or: Devon, England.

ha: compact, saucer-shaped
lc: blue-green

ha: main limbs horizontal, tips and laters distinctly weeping, forming broad mounds
lc: bright "fresh green"
or: C. deConinck-Dervaes Nursery, Maldeghem, Belgium 1946

ha: very contorted, only slightly slower than species typical. Pretzel-like in some gardens.
gr: 6-12 in. per year
lc: rich intense green
ls: needles also sometimes twisted
st: pinkish, showy
afc: golden orange shades
lu: excellent in the winter garden for its unusual form
or: J. Bohlje, Westerstede as found tree
ns: Humphrey Welch says the originator named it from the Freek goddess of hunting
ns: thus the popular name of 'Diana' is not strictly correct.
source: Stanley and Sons
source: Collector's Nursery

ha: dwarf
or: Czech. Republic as witches broom
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: conical to pyramidal, compact, dense, branchets very erect, often irregular
or: Forestry Garden, Diedorf, Germany before 1903

ns: a listed name from Europe, presumably with greyish foliage

ha: dwarf, globose
lc: blue-green
or: Horstmann 1983 as witches broom
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: dwarf, flat bun-shaped, 4 inches growth a year
or: witches broom
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ns: a listed name from Europe, presumably for a dwarf clone.

ha: branches hanging down along the trunk, an extreme or inverted type weeper
ll: 40-45mm - species typical is 20-35mm - this is longer
lw: 1.5mm
la: more long pointed
or: Lombarts Nursery, Netherlands 1920
in: Lombarts Nursery 1932

ha: pyramidal, vigorous, contorted branches
or: G.D. Bohlje, Oldenberg, Germany 1974
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: dwarf, globose, dense, branchlets distinctly erect with tips uniformly erect.
buds: dark brown, globose, often clustered with leaves at the apices.
ll: 10mm - shorter
or: Kenwith Nursery, England

ha: dwarf, blue

ha: branches spreading, branches horizontal to drooping
ll: 25mm
or: Lombarts Nursery, Netherlands 1920
in: Lombarts Nursery 1955
id: Krussman considers it a synonym of 'Inversa' which is from the same nursery. However
id: denOuden and Boom report the needle lengths are different.

ha: globose, compact, branches erect
st: often showy bright red
lc: grey-green
or: Europe before 1862. Welch stattes this name may have been used for various
or: dwarf seedlings over the years.

ha: dense, globose, dwarf, 5cm a year growth rate
ll: 8-10mm - shorter
or: Wildenloh National Forest, Germany as witches broom 1976 found by H. Neumann
in: Jeddeloh Nursery, Germany
ns: this obviously requires a new name giving the post-1959 origin. Welch reports the
ns: validly to be "uncertain" but like us cannot find any published descriptions before
ns: the 1970's.

ha: vigorous, upright, weeping lateral limbs
so, or: Arrowhead Alpines (online catalog 2002), own introduction

ha: weeping
lc: blue-green, more glaucous than some selections. Usually the new growth is bluish but it becomes greener quickly.
or: Hesse Nurseries, Weener, German before 1896

ha: dwarf
or: Czech Republic as witches broom
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: dwarf, prostrate, spreading on the ground
or: Kneiff Estate, Nordhausen, Germany found among seedlings before 1909

ha: pyramidal, branches curving upward more than nornal
lc: silvery-blue, much more glaucous
or: Ujardowski Parkat, Warsaw, Poland from a notable tree there before 1952.

or: Czech Republic as witches broom
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ht: 1m
ha: weeping, quite rigidly so compared to other clones
lc: blue-green

ns: a listed name from Europe.

ha: low mound, 4 inches growth a year
lc: light green
ll: 0.5 in. - shorter
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002), without description

ha: dwarf, about half the rate of 'Nana' in the UK trade.
ll: longer than 'Nana'
or: M.J. Varley from witches broom before 1979
in: Wandyke Nursery, England

ha: dwarf, spreading, irregular, dense, similar to 'Wolterdingen' overall
or: G. Horstmann found witches broom 1972

so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002), without description

ht: 50cm tall x 70cm wide (10 years)
ha: dwarf, irregular, wider than tall
buds: distinctly conical (terminal) and globose (lateral)
lc: blue-green
lt: slightly twisted
ll: 35mm
afc: butter yellow
or: G. Horstmann, Germany found c. 1970
source, photo: Collector's Nursery

ns: a listed name from Europe.

ha: dwarf, bun-shaped
lc: sea green, a bright shade

lc: yellow new growth, later light green.
or: Seneclauze Nursery, France 1866 as seedling
so: denOuden & Boom report in 1965 that is was no longer cultivated.

ns: a listed name from Europe.

ht: 3m tall x 1m wide - young plants reach 5 feet quickly
ha: dense, low growing at first, semi-dwarf, pyramidal with age,
lc: blue green
or: Sidney Waxman of Univ. CT
so: Roslyn Nursery

ha: dwarf, globose
lc: green
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

or: Joe Braeu, Diluth, MN USA as witches broom
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: compact, dwarf
or: Girard Nurseries OH USA, usually listed under the invalid Latin name.

lc: steel blue, more glaucous
or: Stockholm Bot. Gard. before 1907

ns: a listed name from Europe.

ht: 1.2m
ha: compact, globose
lc: blue

fc: flowers yellow
or: found near Clearwater Co. MN USA

ns: provisional testing name
or: seedling of witches broom
lc: blue
ha: globose and smaller than 'Newport #9'
or: Sidney Waxman, Univ. Connecticut as witches broom
li: Iseli Nursery wholesale catalog 1988: 22
source: Stanley and Sons

or: witches broom seedling from Dr. Sidney Waxman of the Univ. of CT

ns: probably the same as one of the forenamed clones
ha: dwarf and globose, mounded with age
ht: 2-3 ft.
lc: powder blue
afc: tan
lu: small enough for rock gardens
source: Stanley and Sons

ll: 1-2mm long per denOuden & Boom (this seems quite impossible and may be a typo)
frd: cones to 9mm long and 8mm wide- smaller
frc: blackish at maturity
frt: 12-13 cones scales - f. decidua (typical) has 15-20 scales
or: known from Crawford County PA USA

ha: irregular pyramidal
lc: blue green to aqua
ns: strain of witches broom seedlings - 'no two are alike'
so: Twombly Nur. 203-261-2133

ha: dense, witches broom product
ht: 2 ft. x 2 ft. in many years
lc: blue-green
afc: tan
or: Richard Jaynes found as witches broom along Mass. Turnpike
so: Roslyn Nursery
source: Collector's Nursery

ns: a listed name from Europe.

ha: miniature, dwarf, globose, 1 inch growth per year
ll: smaller than hybrid species typical

ns: a listed name from Europe.

ha: semi-dwarf, 4 in. growth a year
or: Jerry Morris as witches broom
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: dwarf, shorter internodes
or: Jerry Morris as witches broom
ns: it is named because it took 4 shotgun blasts to get it down!
so: Stanley & Sons Nursery (online catalog 2002)

ha: both young and older branches contorted, twisted
or: Kornickie Arboretum, Poland 1931

ha: more pendulous than parent L. decidua but sometimes only in the main branches.
ha: other plants are reported to be umbrella-shaped and more weeping, branches
ha: often twisted. We are reserving this name for the distinctly pendulous clone.
st: new stems pinkish - unlike parent L. decidua
ns: this is the typical clone or form of it in gardens

ha: horizontal to low-spreading
or: England before 1948, perhaps from a notable plant in Henham, Cambridge.

ht: 75 ft. (species)
lc: purple new growth becoming green with maturity
or: Collectors Nursery before 2001
source: Collector's Nursery

ha: columnar to fastigiate

lc: blue-green, more glaucous

ha: globose
ht: 4 ft. tall in 10 years
gr: 6 in. per year
lc: green
id: if this is not the same as L. decidua 'Lanarck' one of them must be renamed
source, photo: Aesthetic Gardens (online catalog 2002)

ll: longer than species typical which is about 20-35mm

ha: weeping

ha: more robust, that is vigorous and strong

frc: cones white when immature - as opposed to the typical light green or reddish-green